WALL & STREET.
- Originated from cave paintings (17.300 years old)
- Discovered in 1940 depicting scene of every day life.
- Ancient roman graffiti from pompeii (was destroyed due to volcanic irrupt).
Kilroy/chad - WWII refurring to war time rashioning "wot no flour' eg
PARIS RIOTS MAY '68 - MASSIVE DEVELOPMENT IN GRAFFITI
Graffiti used to depict and display civil unrest/campaigning.
NEW YORK - Spray can graffiti
evolved be side hip hop future.
making the language of the streets visible
spraying graffiti on train cabs means there language and voice travels 'we will not be ignored'.
JON NAAR - Photographer 1972
annanminity of his subjects
the idea of sending messages across the city. more deprived areas grafting in more affluent areas
JEAN - MICHEAL BASQUIAT (1960-88)
fuses the ideas of a written and visual message.
produce phrases followed by 'SAMO' (same old shit)
started as a joke but grew into a kind of cult. he builds up the character of SAMO
Neo expressionist paintings. - 1982
General electric with waiter - 1984
one of americas largest corporations.
in 1981 he sketches on existing advertising billboards around the subway system
Many commissions around the world.
HIV & AIDS crisis became a strong issue with in his work.
POP-SHOP - Selling t-shirts, toys, poster
selling work after using them as messages.
JOHN FECKNER 'Broken promises' - 1980
to draw attention to un used building when many are homeless.
JENNY HOLZER - Times square show '1980'
to show that many people don't actually take in what is being advertised to them.
used to mimic the overload of visual information on the street.
make phrases that state th obvious but makes you think about the obviousness.
statements have a feel of authority but from an unknown source. makes it personal as the individual sees it.
From the Berlin Wall - comment on the lack of availability of brands and technology in the easten bloc.
TATS CRU - 1997 for COCA-COLA
Distortion of the idea of graffiti - no act of rebellion and no message.
GRAFFITI VIDEO GAME (based on subcultures)
JET SET RADIO (2000-2003)
mosaic tile which are weather proof and more difficult to remove
has an interactive element - ATTACK OF MONTPELLIER
A map to show were his work is in the city so you take a journey to find them and collect ehm.
A big influence in this movement from street to gallery.
JR - Parisian photographer
MORRO DA PROVIENDA - RIO 2008
Take ordinary people from the environment and displays there pictures in and around the environment.
BLU & OZ GEMEOS (Italy&Brazil)
oil barron depicted sucking up the world resources. (social comment)
animated graffiti work shows images moving across the city,
(example shown in the corsa ad. 2011)
founded in 1989 by Sian and Klor.
reverse graffiti - uses stencils and and a water jet to remove dirt from city walls.
beautifying the dirt in the city through a nature scene.
FREE ART FRIDAY- movement in which artists who place free art out in public for people to enjoy and take home.
Unlike established street art that stays were it is - this is portable.
resistance against capitalism and commercialisation of street art.
Murcia 2010 - Poster falling off the billboard and adapting it into an environmental scene.
no story behind it just an ideas presented.
VHILS/ALEXANDRE FARTO (Portugal)
using existing material, present in the environment to create art.
gender is escaped through graffiti as it doesn't better if you are female or male
however diva feminises street are be making her work more feminine.
MISS VAN - incorporates animal representation.
SWWON - Refrenced to people in history.
In relation to political walls.
JR - walls in Palestine - people pulling faces to attempted to redress the grimness of the situation. not about territory or land it affects human life.
(Israeli government building a wall)
an innovation of decoration.
Girl with balloons escaping the wall - adding by other artists (graffiti artist from different cultures coming together.
The was is used for political concern through mural.
* * * *
LECTURE 8
FINE ART CULTURE VS. GRAPHIC DESIGN CULTURE.
CONTRAST & COMPARAISON
AVANT-GARDE
(linked with the terms inovation/pioneers)
- idea of doing art/design work is progressive/inovating.
- being avant-garde in the work that you do(challenging).
- being pat of a group - a member of the avant-garde.
Has a rooted meaning in the life of Art and Design
(challenging, experimental, shocking)
MARCEL DUCHAMP - Signed Urinal / De-faced Mona Lisa painting
ANDREA DURAN - 'FAUVES' (Wild beasts).
Through out all of the subjects here at LCA they prioritise certain concepts.
- Innovation
- Experimentation
- Originality
- Creative genius
Always emphasising how to push the new.
If every single course is like this in pushing to challenging conventions.
Before art and design was made into an institution. artists were assigned to an already successful artist and they had to just copy the same work they did until they got it perfect.
To move up these students would start of the painting in creating the backgrounds so that their master could then finish them off and get the credit.
After being successful at this they could then be their own artist and become a master. however they would not have any new ability, just old ones that have been copied.
The poet Chattatan (19 years of age)
Painting shows him sprawled on a bed deceased. He killed him self because people did not understand any of his poetry. It displays that He was a genius (god like) but the common folk were to stupid to understand his creativity.
However this gives a 'god concept' because they believe they are a special breed, superior to everybody else. because they are not understood their work doesn't sell but this comes with the territory and is worn as a badge of honour.
Avant Garde is based on a myth that these people think themselves as separate and elite, a leader to others. seen as the ones paving the way so others can follow.
CORBET - radical revolutionary
Painting shows the broken peasantry building homes for richer folk while many others are painting cities and rich places. this is seen as shocking and challenging and almost a political expression.
WHISTLER NOCTURNE
(Black and Gold) - Art for art's sake
caused a lot of fuss when first shown as whistler was paid 20 gunnies to create this image and it was seen as a splash of paint on some paper. but through the artists eyes, this is how lower peasant people see it.
End of 18th century/early 20th century
2 approaches
-
For example the Turner prize is very out there and unknown to many people kind of making it exclusive to these artists that believe they have something that others don't. They don't care that others don't understand there work.
CLIVE BELL
Significant from - the relations and combinations of lines and colours, which when organised give the power to move someone aesthetically.
CEZANNE MOUNT ST. VICTOIRE (1900)
An example that clive Bell believed his statement is supported by. if your not moved uncontrollably by this piece its because you are stupid and don't understand it.
POLLOCK - Lavender Mist (1950)
In Russia (after communism) they did have a lot of Avant-grade creations. however when Stalin came to power he band all of this.
If you want to be different than you have to be satisfied that many won't get your work.
If you want to be dull and the same, you work does have to be understandable to everyone.
What is Kitsch?
(everything that is not Avant-Garde).
opposite to Avant Garde as it is work that is mass produced and commercialised. Made for the masses. In discourse in is re-inturpeted as cheap and low culture.
ARNOLD HOUSER - Kitsch is something that aims to be high culture but fails in execution.
Contable Haywain (1821)
put on you wall in a frame = is it Kitsch? (bought and sold for commodity)
Kitsch can move across genres (paintings to models and objects).
JEFF KOONS - Micheal Jackson & bubbles the monkey (1988).
Fine art displaying Kitsch. He found a very cheap, tat is a small store and made it life-sized.
Displayed in gallery but is a Kitsch object. this shows Koons playing with this notion.
THOMAS KINKADE
(very Kitsch painter)
Has a little logo on his painting that says he is the painter of light.
He is very rich because he go's on the QVC shows selling his own painting and other objects that show his paintings on giving his speeches on how amazing he is. But people take it in and buys his stuff.
This work is not challenging or innovated However people buy it. so why do we as student get told to push the boundaries and be different if just doing something like this is successful?
JACK VETRIANO
His work get re-printed a lot
the TATE Gallery refuse to record him as an artist.
CAR ANDRE -EQUIVILENT V111
A sculpture of nothing however is is recognised by the TATE gallery as art.
(Part of an elitist circle?)
K-FOUNDATION (1994)
Take part in shocking activities (burning 1 million pounds and called it art).
Gave the looser of the Turner Prize more money than the winner received.
DAMIAN HURST
Shark - created in the late 90's when Hurst was drinking in an elite club with the curator of the Royal Academy asks him what he wants to do. He told his idea of the shark in a box and it concept. the curator paid for this to happen, however Damian had no part of it creation. just the idea was his.
The spots painting was Hurst's ideas but he employed others to do it.
People buy this work because of the name on it, not for the quality of the work itself.
* * * *
This is an example of fashion photography that is not relevant to the lecture, however is related.
This is another example of how clothes are presented usually on clothing websites.
This is one of the first permanent photographs and it is an image of rooftops. this is an important step in the world of photography.
Daguerre took over from were Niepce left off after his death. This image shows streets of a town. you can also see two small figures which also means that this photographs the first ever photograph taken of a person.
A box that received and image through day light. Made photographs
The idea go photographing people and fashion became popular through this time
she was a woman of wealth who played the director as well as the model when these images were taken. There are many images of her and there are sexual overtone over a few of the images with are quite suggestive. She acts out her own political history.
Viewing a womans ankles and feet was very risky at the time.
20th century
This brought fashion magazines to the for front as the printing press industry was booming
Paul Poiret
first person to pu labels into clothing. He had signature shape making clothes recognisable to him.
Stiechen
a photographer who worked with the designer poiret, these images are examples of pictorialism which show up to date fashion styles.
Adolf de Meyer
Themed images were the women look like models. the images have a romantic feel were the woman acts out the theme.
Martin munkacsi 1930's
People are starting to test different ways in which cameras can be used. this shows an active female. his background in sports influenced his fashion photography greatly. his images showed a casualness that was new to the industry
Stechen
Starts to capsulate modernism with abstract shapes through his images. He also used light and exposure to create different qualities with in his photographs. This clarity of this image is very striking. The model used in this image was very part of the popular culture which also effected the way in which this image was seen.
La Mode Pratique
Photography for the covers of magazines started to creep in even though illustration still reigned.
Hoyningen-Heune
Inspired by Greek style draping, the model moves in a way so the fabric follows here almost looking like an angel. this started the idea that models were not ordinary and ere like mythical creatures.
Horst P Horst
A sureal film that shows half naked people moving in water. this was a film based story were fantasy played a huge part.
Cecil Beaton
Photographs that depict an un attainable lifestyle. Wealthy young people used in the images 'Bright young things'. He kept a dirt and these images document the going ons with in it.
Vivien Leigh - Celebrity photography that showed actors and actresses in different way to with they were originally. this image shows the actress almost shying away from the camera. This created a very dramatic scene.
Stephen tenant - A bohemian character.
Queen Elizebeth - he was commissioned to take these images. he photographed her in her opulent setting to enhance there wealth and glamorous lifestyle.
Lee Miller
crossed the boundaries between model and photographer. socialised with avant grade photographer and got involved with the surrealist movement. She worked at both sides of the camera. She photographed in a documentary way showing she could cross into different, more harsher worlds.
Louise Dahl Wolfe
Taking models away from the audio sets and takes them in to the environment. this image is a clever ways of drawing attention to a woman's natural form using the model and the statue so they influenced each other.
working on location around the world with supermodels of the time. th foreground and background really contact with each other making a strong image.
Colour photography was introduced, however in fashion photography it is not really seen.
William Klien
commissioned from documentary photography to fashion photography. he used movement in his imagery a lot. Letting the models interact with the street letting the action unfold in the street rather than it being staged. Plying with real life starts to become popular.
David Bailey
popular culture photography starts to become popular. Working class people tat are self taught with a camera. contrasting against the high class wealthy images that had gone before.
Ternce Donervan
Town magazine) a spy drama fashion spread within a magazine. heroic british characeture is depicted.
Brian Duffy
Models starting to depict the girl next door feel making this fashion photography more relatable and accessible. Shaking off hostility that had been in previous years. there is no sense of soft feminism in this image. it is a playful and almost suggestive photograph were she is leaning against a glass barrier peering into the shop.
Richard Avedon
recreated past images. He was a pioneer regarding the sense of reality in his images. this is shown in his photo of Tina Turner. he show in-between moments that are very natural and enhances the movement of the model.
Bill Curry
goes on a road trip and takes images of people that he see on the way and almost creates a story from it. he takes his everyday, random people and take then to a studio. He takes this person and makes them look asif they are famous by utilising the camera quality and studio space.
Helmut Newton
The body form starts to come in and were oftenly highly criticised. self portrait of wife and models - shows many different view points using the mirror and it reflections as well as the surroundings. tho inclusion of his wife hints that he is in it for the beauty of the body rather than for sexual pleasures.
Guy Bourdin
chopping up the body to just show the product important. This is very influenced by surrealism.
Jamel Shabazz
street photography depicting fashion in the streets around new York. H doesn't go to these places as a stranger. He is part of this culture and lives around these places.
August 1980
straign up photography that show everyday people who are asked about what they are wearing and were they got it from. DIY fashion started to emerge through this punk era.
ID magazine vs the face
pre-photoshop the images give a real sense of reality and natural beauty.
Juergen
Heroin influenced images that show a drug glamour. an untouched style that show 'warts and all' with a documentary feel.
Corrine Day
Model and photographer. this images shows a model styled in an environment with a feel of the drug and clubbing trend with a far away gaze.
Tara - a documentary on her friends life. a deterioration of her life through drugs. it started through recreational drug usage.
Adobe Photoshop
This put an end to the gritty realism of the 90's and gives the unattainable feel once again through fanasty images as well as body form. we loose photographic distractions from the cover of magazines.
Terry Richardson
Hyper real bodies that are very sexual and controversial blurring the line between pornagphy and fashion.
Nick Night
No reality were the image is almost like a cartoon.
Fashion Blogging
bring back a sense of natural everyday fashion. we all have cameras so any one can take images and fashion photographs. People creating there own celebrity.
Street style coenhagen.
Poppy dinsey
bed room fashion photography. people photographing themselves in styled clothes they have put together. not about the quality of image more of the personal side of fashion.
Exactitudes
A collaboration creating a vast document of global fashion grouping people in what they are wearing. grouping people together in this way attics the feeling that people are individuals through the fashion they wear.
* * * * * * *
CREATIVE ADVERTISING & NEW MEDIA.
Need to break with the past.
suiting national and imperial markets targetting them to a wide audience. using patriotism.
The background story was about loss and hope which was a strategy that aimed to pull in the audience emotionally making them want to get involved. Each person that gets involved get their identity placed on the digital memorial giving this audience a sense that they are part of something.
MASS MEDIA - mass print, radio and TV. ideas created within an advance to pre mote to the public.
NEW MEDIA - The idea is the same but there is a relationship with the audience as they can give feedback as well as getting involved with what the media is about.
New media invites people to think in new ways of attracting and audience. Audience involvement gives a sense of importance. using the audiences to create aspects of a product such as the Keiser Chiefs did gives many new dimensions creating something very original.
MY MEDIA - very personalised therefore more targeted. People getting involved, talking and sharing things makes a product spread very quickly involving more people.
Opinions and views are shared ad discussed a lot more through different ways such as videos. (Youtube). These can influence how people communicate with others, you can feel soothing and find a video that can explain it perfectly.
A celebration of New media through citizen journalism. Simple yet effective shape for all to understand and visualise.
also made visual through an advertisement which used the 'three little pigs' storyline. This very well known story made the information being portrayed for the modern time made it easier of people to digest, understand and relate to.
People re-creating things and posting there own versions has also become very popular.
A negative to this is that products and brands can be intuprting in a way that is not aimed for by the company.
Enervating with creative media is pushed by advertising companies. bringing people together with the same interests and professionalism no matter how successful they are in the business. Its just to share the love of what they do and the soul of what they do.
Media based on the handheld devise is growing more and more everyday. Having advertising shown at opportune moments is a very effective way to gain attention. a mobile phone is a very persona object therefore making the media more personal.
Around he time of recession and the riots in London. They thought about bits of america that was part of popular culture during a time of destain towards the country.
Directed at the youth as they are innocent in the financial crises gripping the country.
Photography - Ryan McGinley
Transforming aps to something personal for the benefit of exercise. Creating this kind of game allows people to race each out or beat each others times add more depth to the process of exercise.
The audience can virtually sample the product being premoted through new media. Larger teams of people come together to create these products such as photographers, games designers and advertisers making the crafting of adverts still very important.
NEW MODEL OF CREATIVITY
Giant Hydra - working collaboratively rather than competitively allows more creatively.
More aspects of a product and everything to do with it can be thought of at the same time making that promotion more powerful.
OMNIOM PROJECT
University of South Wales.
Allows audience engagement were the product can be very tactile.
- Grahame Clarke
'how the other half live' - Jocob Riss (1890)
A fairly wealthy middle class male who takes photo's or the poorer communities. One social group viewing another social group.
(Bandit's Roost.59) - Mennicing males hanging around in back alleys. however its more asif they are checking out what the photographer is doing. Reacting to his presence.
(Robbing a Lush) implying that the lower-class take part in criminal activity such as pick-pocketing, however the images id actually staged.
Lewis Hine - Mentioned in many times in Clarks lecture's
(Russian Steel Workers - 1908) See people as people rather than migrant workers.
(Duffer boy-1909) - The subject is more about the person doing there job rather than focusing on the conditions they are working in.
F.S.A. (Farm Security Administration)
Margret Bourke-White (Sharecroppers Home - 1937) Objective photography.
A shck made from anything about such as newspapers and cardboard. this is used to make a stark contrast. Advertising on the newspaper sheets depicts that wealthier society while this images are being utilised to insulate the Migrant workers home.
Russel Lee (Interior of black Farmer House'
composed differently, on an angle with no person appearing in the image. gives a recording rather than manipulating the viewer.
Dorothea lange 'Migrant Mother' (1936)
Migrant mother with her children drew the photographer to her due too the desperate appearance of the woman. S o she see's the woman's struggle as a photo opportunity rather than taking an interest in why and how the woman has come to such sadness.
Other images showing this mother, provides us with context that gives more information on were this family is living and how they are living.
Walker Evens - Floyd Burroughs (George Gudger) hale County, Alabma.
Very pure and straight photography that was popular at this tie. Not played with making a stronger implication that this is reality.
American based images that focus on things other than people. Objectification of the poor.
Bill Brandt - 'Northumberland Miner at his Evening meal' (1937)
He make significant, the objects surrounding the people as feel as the people them selves. this emphasise the cramped space they are in and also gives a feel of a museum appearance were people can look and inspect the situation.
Robert Frank 'Parade-Hoboken, New Jersey' (1958)
Privately funded photographer that came to live in the USA so he is seeing things a an outsider. This image and caption very much contradict each other. this is because the caption tells the viewer what is going on, However we cannot physically see that, We can only see people that are thought to be looking on to the parade. Examining what it means to be american.
William Klien - 'St Patricks day, 5th avenue'
Always in with the action rather than standing back and taking the picture. This gives a sense of being involved with the occasion.
'Dance in Brooklyn' (1955) - Gives a sense of reality through the blurring of the image. This is how life is there is no need for re-tuching.
MAGNUM GROUP
To document the world and international problems.
Henri Cartier Bresson (founder of this group)
carries a camera that is very portable and un-seen. Rather than having a huge camera the photographer can be hidden. A air of mystery in this image.
The decisive moment.
The photographers signature is with in the way the image is taken.
Sense of surrealism in this image as there are many aspects that play with the visuals of the photograph.
Robert Capa 'Falling soldier' (1936)
recognised as the moment of the soldiers death drawing dispute to its ethics.
'Normandy Landing' (1945) The blurring implies the photographers presence in the water along with the soldiers.
George Rodger ' Bergan-Belson Consentration Camp' (1945)
A respectful distance by stepping back fro the bodies, were as he could have easily have taken many close ups of the horror. Make a contrast between the young boy and the bodies.
Lee Miller 'Buchenworld' - shows the survivors.
Hung Cong Ut 'Accidental Napalm (1972
Real effects of the accident, very iconic image which is then transformed in relation to the photographer rather than the subject (taking images instead of helping).
Importance of the photograph over the lives of people. He holed the shooting so he could get the shot, Over - rides the human response.
Don McCullin 'sheel shock soldier' (1968)
The effect of war after the trauma has taken place. What has been left by devastation of war.
over expotion t the ar causes photographers to become to used to the horrors in bad situations.
Documentary constructed
William Neidich (1989)
Re-staging scenes that would never been possible to be taken at that time in history.
Edward Curtis
Using sepia tones to document the disappearing of the indian tradition. He shows the indians receding but does not show who is behind this. Neidich counters this.
rodger Korango nuba Tribesmen (1499)
Bruno Barbey
The photographer is in the distance as a un-observed observer. the distance does show individuals but shows the mass of people.
Jeremy Deller 'battle of Orgreave' (2001)
Re-creation of the actual event acknowledging all the different viewpoints.
Interested in the impact of war like the effects on the landscape. Scars and traces of war with out showing the action of war. This image implicates the size of the bomb as well as the effects on the landscape and roads.
